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There are 5 types of tumor commonly associated with the overproduction Epo:
1. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epo elevation doesn’t always cause erythropoiesis because of RBC production inhibition by malignancy.
2. Renal cell carcinoma: In about 1-5% of patients.
3. Hemangioblastoma
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Uterine myomata: clue will be absence of anemia in patients with menorrhagia. RBC overproduction is reversed following myomectomy.
*Contrast-enhanced MRI image of a patient with Hb=194, showing renal cell carcinoma(arrow).
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