Cauda Equina Syndrome

Basically, this is compression of the cauda equina from any cause. This presents classically with low back pain, sensory disturbances in the perineal region, leg weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, urinary retention often proceeding to overflow incontinence and decreased rectal tone. This should be confirmed radiologically with CT or MRI of the spine, and our surgical colleagues should be involved as early as possible.

Possible causes include Trauma, Lumbar disc herniation, Metastases (most commonly from breast, prostate, lung), Lumbar stenosis, Infection causing collapse (TB, osteomyelitis) or epidural abscess.

Here is a great review article: http://www.jaaos.org/cgi/content/full/16/8/471